Software

A. Understanding Software

Understanding of computer software is a collection of electronic data stored and managed by computers, electronic data can be stored by the computer programs or instructions that will run a command. Through software or software is a computer can run any command.

Software is also called its software, is a collection of some of the commands executed by a computer machine. In the work. This software is a record for the engine computer to save the command as well as documents and other records.

Software is the electronic data stored in such a way by the computer itself, the data can be stored programs or instructions that will be executed by the command, or the records required by the computer to run an executable command.

To achieve these desires was designed on an array of logic. The logic of this process are compiled through the software which is also called the program and its data-data that. Pengeloahan on this software involves several things, including operating systems, programs and data. This software is arranged such that the logic that there can be understood by the engine computer.

People use computers to improve the work and solve

various issues. The processing of data or the problem solver

is the software.

Forms software is the smallest of arithmetic operations (, -,:, x) and logic

(AND, OR,>, <, =). From the basic operation is organized program or software.
B. History of Software Engineering

Software engineering has evolved since it was first created in the 1940s to present. The main focus of development is to develop practices and technologies to improve the productivity of practitioners and the quality of software developers of applications that can be used by the user.
Year 1945 - 1965: The Beginning

The term software engineering was first used in the late 1950's and early 1960's. At that time, there is still a sharp debate about the engineering aspects of software development.

In 1968 and 1969, NATO Science Committee sponsored two conferences on software engineering, which gives a strong impact on the development of software engineering. Many consider that these two conferences that marked the official start of the software engineering profession.

Year 1965 - 1985: Software Crisis

In the 1960s until the 1980s, many of the problems found in software development practitioners. Many projects failed, until this period is called the software crisis. The case of software development failure occurred from the project that exceeds the budget, until a case that resulted in physical damage and death. One well-known cases include the failure of an Ariane rocket exploded software.
Year 1985 - Current: No Weapon Pamungkas

For years, researchers have focused their efforts to find a sniper technique to solve the problem of the software crisis.

Various techniques, methods, tools, processes are created and claimed as the ultimate weapon to solve this case. Ranging from structured programming, object-oriented programming, software development helper tools (CASE tools), standards, UML to formal methods diagung glorified as the ultimate weapon to produce correct software, on budget and on time.

In 1987, Fred Brooks wrote an article No Silver Bullet, which berproposisi that no single technology or practice that could reach 10-fold improvement in the productivity of software development within 10 years.

Some argue, no silver bullet means the software engineering profession is considered to have failed. Yet others considered instead, it indicates that the field of software engineering profession has matured enough, because in any other profession, there is no ultimate technique that can be used in a variety of conditions.

C. History of Software Development

History of software development from year to year are as follows:

§ 1956:
Jhon bachus and his IBM team created the Fortran programming language with a high level.

§ Year 1960:
Launched the computer language LISP model for writing programs imitation.

§ Year 1965:

The orientation of the object language with additional assembly simulation, written by Kristen Nygaard and Ole John Dahl.

§ Year 1969:

Bill Gates and Paul Allen might call "Lake Side Programming Group" legal entity approved by the central computer for PDP patent-IQ software.

§ Year 1975:

Paul Allen in his letter, Bill Gates uses the name "Micro-Soft" submit to peer kerjanya.untuk quickly write about the reference.

§ Year 1976:

For the first time Microsoft developed, they might call "The Legend Of Micro-Kid".

§ Year 1977:
U.S. government adopted the IBM standard data for opening the lock code to protect confidential messages and their agency.

§ Year 1978:

Microsoft announced three products Microsotf Cobol-80, sold for one million U.S. dollars

§ Year 1979:
Micosoft announced Microsoft Basic for the 8086 16-bit microprocessors.

§ Year 1981:

IBM introduced the personal computer by using the Microsoft 19-bit MS DOS 1.0 operting system, plus Microsoft Basic Cobol Pascal and other Microsoft products.

§ Year 1983:

Microsoft introduced a word processing program, Microsoft Word for MS DOS 1.0.

Year § 1989:

Maxis produce a new class of video games for education and entertainment.

§ Year 1995:

Windows 95 ships.

§ Year 1997:
Deep Blue defeats world chess champion.

§ Year 1998:

Windows
D. License Types of Computer Software

According to Microsoft in "The Halloween Document", there are several types of licenses that can be used for computer programs. Some types of these licenses include:

a. Commercial License
is a commonly encountered type of license on software like Microsoft with Windows and Officenya, Lotus, Oracle and others. Software created with this license was made for commercial purposes so that users who want to use it to purchase or obtain permission from the copyright holder usage.

b. Trial Software License
is the type commonly found in licensing software for a demo of the software prior to launch to the public or usually been launched but has a limited active period. This License allows users to use, copy or duplicate the software freely. But since it is purely a demo, often software with this license does not have the functions and facilities as complete commercial version. And usually restricted by certain active period.

c. Non-Commercial Use License
usually reserved for certain circles in the field of education or social foundations. Are not commercial in nature, usually free but with certain usage restrictions.

d. License Shareware
allow the wearer to use, copy or duplicate without permission of copyright holders. Unlike the Trial Software, the license is not restricted by time limits active period and feature complete. The license of this type usually encountered in small software companies.

e. Freeware License
usually encountered in the software that are supportive, provide additional facilities or indeed free / libre. Examples that are supported, among others, is to plug in additional software is usually attached to the parent like Eye Candy attached in Adobe Photoshop.

f. Royalty-Free License Binaries
similar to the freeware license, only the product being offered is a library that serves complement existing software and not a stand-alone software.

g. Open Source License
user should free up to run, copy, distribute, study, modify, and improve software performance. Various types of open source licenses developed in accordance with needs, such as the GNU / GPL license, the FreeBSD, The MPL. The types of software that use this license as Linux, sendmail, apache and FreeBSD.

E. Identify Types of Software Applications

1. Operating Systems

The operating system is software that was first read by the computer at boot time as a basic computer operations.
There are two types of operating systems based on the display interface to the user (user interface) that is based Cui (Character User Interface) and GUI (Graphical User Interface). Cui-based operating systems, such as: DOS (Disk Operating System) and UNIX and Linux Operating System on a terminal or console mode, while the GUI-based operating system, for example: Microsoft Windows 9x, 2000, NT, XP, and UNIX operating systems and Linux has supported the GUI.

1. Program Helps and the Program Supplement
Auxiliary program (utility) is a program used to fill shortages or redisplay an operating system file deleted. PC Tools and Norton Utilities is an example of this program. One of the weaknesses DOS was unable to work in a network system. Therefore, some companies create additional programs that can change the DOS system (single user or a stand alone system) into the operating system that can be used by multiple users (multiuser). Netware, Token R ing and Lantastic merukan examples of this program.
2. Computer Languages (Computer Language)

Computer Language is the language used to create computer programs. Language called karenacomputer language has vocabulary and grammar that must be obeyed by the wearer.

1. Included in this type are:

a. The Low Level Language, represents a low level language because it is difficult to understand and can only be understood by the author. Which includes the program is machine language assembly language

b. High Level Language, is a high level language because it uses the words easily understood. Examples of these programs are BASIC, PASCAL, FORTRAN, etc.

1. Application Program

The application program is ready to use software that will be used to help carry out the work users. This application is prepared according to requirement. The application program can be divided again into:

1.
1. Word Processing
Word Processing is a program that can be used for editing the manuscript. Example: Microsoft Word, Lotus Ami Pro and WordPerfect.
2. Desktop Publishing
Is a program that set the mold layout on a manuscript that is ready for printing. Example: Ventura Publisher, Page Maker.
3. Speadsheet Program
Programs are used to process data berkolom. Example: Microsoft Excel, the Lotus Improv.
4. Database Management System
One of the usefulness of computers in the organization is to store large amounts of data. This data can be generated from a variety of information. To store, process data, and then produce the information, required a program called the program a database management system (abbreviated DBMS) and is often referred to as just a database program. Example: Paradox, FoxPro, Microsoft Access, are organized.
5. Graphics
One user needs is to make the picture. For that he could use a special program used to create images or graphics. Someone who is not smart to draw by hand, can make a good picture on the computer, because computer images easily modified and processed. Example: Corel Draw, Stanford Graphics, Visio.
6. Accounting Program
Applications are also much used in the business world is an application relating to finance and accounting. Example: DacEasy Accounting, Pacioli 2000, Peachtree Accounting.
7. Statistics Program
Statistics program is a program used to conduct research related to the statistical analysis. Example: SAS SPSS, Statisca.
8. Communication
Communication is a program used to communicate with other computer users. Example: Carbon Copy, DataFax, Procomm Plus, crosstalk.
9. Multimedia
Multimedia is the software used to connect computers with multimedia tools like video cameras, digital camera, video player. Example: Microsoft Video.
10. Games
Game is a program for the game. Example: Flight Simulator, Baseball, Prince of Persia.
11. Antivirus
Antivirus is a program used to mendetekdi and eliminates viruses that infected the computers that are being worn. Example: McAfee VirusScan, Norton Antivirus, AVG.

Software development in Indonesia and its instrumentalities is growing very rapidly. It is marked by more and more software makers. Not only for business purposes, for learning purposes is also no less rapid. In early development, educational software is more dominated by software in the form of tutorials to learn tutoriall eg Windows XP, MS Word tutorial learning, and others. In subsequent developments, have now also started to develop educational software that serves to assist teaching and learning processes, ranging from the admissions system, scheduling of subjects, making the value system, and others.

Along with the developments mentioned above, willing or unwilling era of increasingly tight competition the quality of education, the more we stay away from, then we will be increasingly left behind.

Application of technology should not always be a "luxury item" for schools in Indonesia, particularly schools in terms of procurement costs minimal. Turning Point it is how to create an appropriate engineering technology and not expensive.

The question is how ready we are facing competition and came out to be one winner ..??" you only knew.